While often considered a lower quality traffic channel, Tier 2 traffic – specifically popunders and push notifications – presents a interesting opportunity for businesses. These ads appear behind a user’s main browser screen, and push notifications interrupt the browsing flow with displays. Under

The digital advertising landscape is increasingly plagued by ad fraud, sapping advertiser revenue and undermining consumer trust. This article explores the complexities of ad fraud through a comparative analysis of various schemes employed by fraudsters. We analyze common types of ad fraud, such